مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 66، ربیع 2023)

Sociological critique is a form of literary criticism that seeks to place literature in a broader social context. Analysis of the relationship between literature and society is the basis for the emergence of literary sociological critique and this approach focuses on the structure of literary influence and its relationship with society. The formative structuralist approach believes that collective thinking is the creator of the literary work; While the author organizes and coordinates collective consciousness and thinking and social issues are reflected by the author and his worldview in literary works. It is an objective view of the author's views and thoughts on the intellectual and cultural situation. In this study, by reflecting on the text of this novel, we intend to depict the social issues that the Kuwaiti tribal society faced in the twentieth century and show the importance of this novel in depicting the tribal system and revealing the social aspects hidden in it.. The results of the research show that the novel has tried to talk about the structure of the tribe and its issues in the context of the characters and to show the social structure of the tribe, which is based on various meanings.Also, the awareness created by some characters, such as Dakhil and Saleh, as the protagonist of the novel, was a reason to create a different perspective from the fixed reality of the tribe.

Cultural globalization is one of the important phenomena of the contemporary age that has affected Algerian novelists since the 70s. To deal with the cultural changes, the authors in this country have adopted cultural particularism in their works. However, it is notable that the novelists of the 70s have tried to adapt to changes and keep up with modern changes despite their efforts to practice cultural particularism. This trend has led to a typical duality and contrast in some of these novels. “Rih El- Janub novel” by Abdul Hamid Bin Haduqa is an outstanding example of such works. Using the hidden cultural patterns theory of Abdullah Ghadhami and through a descriptive-analytical method, the confrontation of cultural particularism and globalization in Rih El- Janub was examined. The results indicated that the author's dual approach to cultural particularism on the one hand and his tendency to remain flexible and open to changes in his society resulted in a confrontation or conflict of cultural patterns in Rih El- Janub. The main areas of confrontations were on topics religion, place, life style, customs, and social norms. Consequently, the characters demonstrate traits like isolation, seclusion, alienation, cultural alienation, dispersion, and identity crisis. The findings also showed that the pattern of confrontation between cultural particularism and globalization in the Rih El- Janub novel was stronger about the issues of women. This can be attributed to the promotion of concepts and values related to women's rights by cultural globalization and marginalized women's struggle to claim their rights in the novel. On the other hand, there is the male dominance’s stiff support for the negative values and concepts of cultural particularism such as prejudice, zeal, honor, and reputation, and hegemony.

The "Grapes of wrath" is a very famous novel that has been translated into deferent languages even sometimes has been translated several times into one language such as Persian and Arabic; and this refers to it importance and also importance if its translations. So investigating its translations can reveal the similarities and differences between translating it into Persian and Arabic; this study is based on model proposed Vinay & Darelnet's; which includes two main translation methods Direct & Oblique translation and these tow include seven strategies; borrowing, Calque and Literal-translation are direct translation’s strategies and Transposition, Modulation, equivalence and Adaptation are Oblique-translation’s strategies. The present paper, uses statistical data from counting these seven strategies in the first paragraph of the thirty chapters of the novel; and based on descriptive-analytical approach intends to find the translational style of Abdolhossein Sharifian into Persian and Saad Zahran’s into Arabic and tries to point at some of differences and similarities between the use of translational-strategies to translate same text; and its most important conclusions are: Persian translator tried to preserve the formal features of the source-text, so borrowing and literal-translation are more frequent, conversations translated into colloquial language just like the source-text and the frequency of direct-translation strategies is higher in Persian translation. The Arabic translator tries to retain target-text’s features, so the frequency of oblique-translation strategies is higher, and the dialogues translated into fluent Arabic. Also, we should add strategies such as deleting, verb time change, and translating singular to plural; and also should review the errors in it so this model be more suitable for Persian and Arabic translation assessment.

The present study was aimed at investigating the short-term and long-term impact of teaching Arabic tenses to Iranian Arabic learners through TBLT. The research enjoyed a quasi-experimental design. Eighty eleventh-grade male (N=40) and female (N=40) high school students majoring in Persian Literature and Humanities in Felavarjan, Isfahan comprised the study sample. Eight Arabic tenses including simple past, present perfect, continuous past, past perfect, subjective past, simple present, subjective present, and simple future in addition to their negative forms were instructed to the students in the control and experimental groups. The tenses were taught by the grammar-translation method (GTM) to the control group. On the other hand, the experimental group received instruction in the tenses via TBLT. The grammar test devised by the researchers was administered ahead of, immediately after, and three weeks after the instruction. The scores of the students in both groups significantly increased in the post-test and delayed-post-test. However, the experimental group had signiciantly superior performance in both tests particularly in case of more complex structures. The results point to the statistically significant impact of TBLT in the short and long run which could be attributed to its communicative and real-life nature. The findings suggest that this recent method is effective in teaching Arabic.

The world within the text is full of unknowns that are represented and revealed by the discovery of linguistic signs. Literary semiotics extracts its secondary messages and expresses the main concept and purpose of the poem by analyzing the actions within the text, and the audience reaches a deep understanding of the meaning of the poem. Pierce's theory of semiotics is one of the appropriate models for the critique of literary works in which the formation of three components of signs, namely representation, subject and interpretation and the relationship between them is investigated. Adel Adham, a contemporary Iraqi poet, is one of the poets of modernity with poems in which concepts such as war, terror, extremism, peace, empathy and unity are widely reflected, and one of his great ideals is a world free of war and full of reconciliation. The present study tries to analyze the process of formation of linguistic signs related to the concept of peace in Adham Adel's poems using a descriptive-analytical method and based on Pierce's three-dimensional semiotic model, and to critisize the relationship between these three components and their role in producing signs. The results of the research indicate that the linguistic signs in Adham Adel's poetry are a single and coherent structure, which are formed from the semantic connection between the example, subject and interpretation, and are based on a qualitative sign and the expression of some visible events and drawing the appearance of things, and with a sign The detail and expression of the bitter and unfortunate events of the inflamed and war-torn Iraq and the practical experiences of Iraqis regarding terror, suicide operations, fear and insecurity are expanded and end with a general sign and the poet's attitude towards the category of war and peace.

Color is a phenomenon which establishes a link between the inner and outer worlds of humans, and the critique of color psychology is a good method to analyze human reactions to colors. Luscher 8 Colour Test is one of the scientific tests for psychological analysis, which is based on data and figures from eight different colors. Colors symbolize many different things in poetry, and their study based on psychological criteria reveals the hidden traits of the poet's personality. A variety of colors have been applied in Mohammad Afifi Matar’s poetry, a modern Egyptian poet, to express his feelings towards the world around him. This study tries to investigate the reflection of colors in his poems based on Max Luscher test, and analyze his reactions to these colors. According to the research findings, the first group, consisting of red and green colors, expresses revolutionary passion, fighting spirit, criticism of the government, and courage and self-confidence. The second group, which includes black and yellow colors, expresses a pessimistic view of Egyptian society and lack of hope for a bright future. The third group, consisting of gray and blue colors, expresses some feelings such as love and peace, which desiring them makes him feel guilty considering the current situation. The fourth group contains brown and purple colors, which indicates the poet's reluctance to some feelings such as love, comfort and individualism.

The novel Lailat al-Nahar by Ali Ahmed Bakthir depicts the corrupt capitalist system of Egypt during World War II. The main character of this story is "Fouad Helmi", who is facing a kind of neurosis arising from the society and his surroundings. Karen Horne's personality theory and her critical views on neurotic personality provided the basis for psychological criticism of literary works and fictional characters. The novel Laila Nahar has psychological aspects and Karen Horne's psychological theory is completely compatible with its characters. Based on this, this essay aims to analyze Fouad Helmi, the hero of the story, with a descriptive-analytical method and according to Karen Horne's personality theory. According to the findings of the research, Fouad Helmi is a neurotic personality who has an unrealistic and idealistic self-image and world. He has needs such as the need for independence, self-sufficiency, perfectionism, which has made him distant from people Also, some other needs of tendency against people such as exploitation of others and desire to be admired are evident in him.

Peter Newmark has divided cultural components into five groups: Ecology; material culture; social culture; institutions and customs; Gestures and habits in speaking. Hashemi and Ghazanfari-Moqadam in the article "Indigenization of Newmark's fivefold model of cultural elements" have pointed out that in the analysis of some data, there are cases that dont fit into any of Newmark's classification branches due to cultural differences between different languages. to compensate for it, four more classes have been added to this classification: colloquial phrases and idioms; units and figures; address titles and items; visual-auditory, tactile and perfume items. The purpose of this study is to investigate the culture-dependent categories in narrative works and also analyze of various meanings which is overshadowed by cultural and ecological differences in narrative works. In a descriptive-analytical manner, it examines the cultural categories of the novel "Al-Amir Ehtejab" to show how well the method of using cultural filter fits with the texture characteristics of the destination system and the translator has been more successful in translating which of these components. The results indicate that the idioms component has the highest frequency with 81 items and the songs and melodies component has the lowest frequency with no items. literal translation with 41% and equivalence with 34% is the most used solution by the translator. And it can be said that Hamdan's success in translating the components of animals, addresses and swearing is more due to the use of the dictionary equivalent method.